In a major strategic announcement on the 79th Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that India is on an ambitious path to increase its nuclear energy capacity by over ten times by 2047. This bold vision is a cornerstone of the country's "Viksit Bharat" (Developed India) roadmap, aimed at achieving energy independence and meeting its climate goals. After decades of a cautious, state-run approach, this renewed push signifies a pivotal moment in India's energy transition, signaling a serious commitment to nuclear power as a clean, reliable, and secure source of electricity.
The Ambition: From a Trickle to a Torrent
India currently has an installed nuclear energy capacity of around 8.8 GW, which contributes less than 2% to its total power capacity. The new target aims to raise this to at least 100 GW by 2047, a dramatic increase that would make nuclear power a major pillar of India’s energy mix. To achieve this, work is already progressing rapidly on 10 new nuclear reactors, with plans for many more in the pipeline.
This ambitious goal is driven by the recognition that while renewable sources like solar and wind are expanding rapidly, their intermittent nature requires a stable, "firm" power source to meet the massive and growing energy needs of a developing economy. Nuclear energy, with its continuous and high-volume output, is seen as the perfect partner for renewables.
The Strategic Blueprint: Policy, Projects, and Partnerships
To achieve this ten-fold increase, the government has adopted a multi-pronged strategy that involves major policy reforms, new projects, and a renewed focus on private sector participation.
- Opening Doors to the Private Sector: PM Modi announced that the government has introduced major reforms to the nuclear power sector, opening its doors to private sector participation. This includes proposed amendments to key laws like the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act. The government is also planning to allow private firms to mine and import uranium, breaking a decades-old state monopoly to ensure a steady fuel supply.
- Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): A key element of the new strategy is the development of indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The government has allocated ₹20,000 crore for research and development of these smaller, more flexible reactors, with a goal of having at least five indigenously designed SMRs operational by 2033. SMRs are a game-changer as they can be deployed in diverse locations to meet the specific energy needs of industries and remote communities.
- New Reactors and Indigenous Technology: The government is focused on completing ten new Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) across the country, including those in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. India's commitment to indigenous technology, including the use of its abundant thorium reserves, remains central to its long-term nuclear strategy.
The 'Why': Securing the Future
The massive push for nuclear energy is rooted in India's three-fold strategic imperative for the 21st century:
- Energy Independence: India remains heavily dependent on imports of crude oil, gas, and coal, which costs the exchequer billions of rupees and makes the country vulnerable to global price fluctuations and geopolitical conflicts. Nuclear energy is a pathway to
Atmanirbhar Bharat(self-reliant India). - Climate Change Commitments: As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, India is committed to reducing its carbon emissions. Nuclear power is a zero-emission energy source that will be vital for decarbonizing the power sector and helping India meet its ambitious net-zero targets.
- Meeting Rising Demand: To become a developed nation by 2047, India's economy needs to grow exponentially, which will require a massive increase in electricity generation. Nuclear energy provides a stable and scalable base-load power source that can support this growth without relying on fossil fuels.
Conclusion: India’s nuclear energy ambition is no longer a footnote in its development story. It is a central plotline, backed by strong policy support, significant investment, and a clear vision. While challenges related to safety, public perception, and project execution remain, the government’s commitment to reforms and private-sector partnerships is a clear indication that this time, the push for nuclear power is real. The success of this mission will not only secure India's energy future but also establish it as a leader in clean, cutting-edge nuclear technology.
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